{"id":3786,"date":"2023-01-26T10:59:12","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T10:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/?p=3786"},"modified":"2023-07-28T17:21:27","modified_gmt":"2023-07-28T17:21:27","slug":"gaslighting-a-basic-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/gaslighting-a-basic-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Gaslighting \u2013 a basic guide"},"content":{"rendered":"
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What is Gaslighting?<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Gaslighting means a form pf psychological manipulation and abuse in which the perpetrator makes his or her partner question and doubt their own perceptions, memory, judgement and sanity. Whilst it usually occurs in a domestic setting and against one person, it can be directed at individual members of a particular group. In a domestic relationship it is a manipulation tactic used to gain power and can amount to coercive and controlling behaviour. It is a highly effective form of emotional domestic abuse.<\/p>\n

Where does the term originate from? <\/strong><\/h3>\n

The term originates from the 1944 film Gaslight, starring Ingrid Bergman and based on the 1938 play Gas Light. In the film a husband manipulates his wife to the point where she thinks she is going insane. Bergman plays Paula, who meets a man called Gregory Anton and after a 2-week whirlwind romance they marry. He then begins to take control, firstly isolating her from her friends and moving her to her vacant Aunts house in London. He systematically begins to torment her by removing and hiding property from the house. He implies that she is responsible and suggests she has been stealing the items because she is having a nervous breakdown. At one stage he claims his watch has been stolen and plants it in her handbag, where she later discovers it. She starts to doubt her own sanity because he is so convincing, and she has no knowledge of having taken any of the items.<\/p>\n

Gregory isolates further by not allowing her to go out or have visitors. This he tells her, is for her \u2018own good\u2019 and she starts to believe he is right. She also begins to hear footsteps from the attic and witnesses the gaslights dimming and brightening for no apparent reason. Gregory is responsible, but when she questions what she is seeing and hearing, he tells her she is delusional, acting irregularly and persuading her that it is all in her imagination, that she is in fact going mad. His aim is to have her certified as insane, institutionalised and then take over her affairs. Whilst the sub-plot involves the murder of her aunt, the film is really about the systematic psychological manipulation that Gregory puts Paula through.<\/p>\n

How does it work? <\/strong><\/h3>\n

The aim of the abuser is to gain complete power and control over the victim\u2019s emotions and thoughts.\u00a0 To achieve this, they will subtlety erode the victim\u2019s self-esteem by making them doubt their own thoughts and feelings until they become utterly dependent on the abuser. Many examples mirror the \u2018Narcissistic Cycle of Abuse\u2019, of which there are three stages \u2013 idealisation, devaluation and discard.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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The start of the relationship is likely to be a rapid and intense, potentially a whirlwind romance. The victim will be carried along on the excitement and thrill of the relationship, whilst the abuser will put the victim on a pedestal, portraying themselves as the perfect catch.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

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The abuser will cease the adoration of the victim, employing psychological and emotional tactics to devalue and destabilise them. The victim will be made to feel like they cannot do anything right, questioning their own self-worth and behaviour.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

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This is where the abuser discards the victim. This is likely to happen when the abuser realises their tactics are failing because the victim is starting to fight back, or where the abuser no longer has a use for the victim because they have found a new one. The abuser ends the relationship, often abruptly and without warning.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n

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What might an abuser do? <\/strong><\/h3>\n

The tactics of an abuser may vary, but they will tend to be subtle, insidious and constant<\/strong>. They can include:<\/p>\n

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  • \u00a0<\/strong>seclusion \u2013 isolating the victim from their friends and family.<\/li>\n
  • questioning and ridiculing the victim\u2019s memory.<\/li>\n
  • accusing the victim of lying or fabrication.<\/li>\n
  • reneging on, or simply denying previously made promises or something they have said.<\/li>\n
  • withholding information from the victim. <\/strong><\/li>\n
  • misdirecting the victim to do something, then questioning the victim\u2019s actions.<\/li>\n
  • persistent denial – denying a previous incident or conversation took place.<\/li>\n
  • constantly contradicting or discounting information that comes from the victim.<\/li>\n
  • belittling the victim’s worth. Making them seem unimportant and treating them as inferior.<\/li>\n
  • trivialising and ridiculing the victim\u2019s thoughts or feelings.<\/li>\n
  • withdrawing affection and\/or physical intimacy.<\/li>\n
  • blatant and constant lying.<\/li>\n
  • blaming \u2013 accusing the victim of messing up, failing them, not caring about the abuser, making the victim feel inadequate and like they have failed.<\/li>\n
  • put downs – comments that they can easily find someone else, that the victim can be replaced by someone more attractive or who isn\u2019t \u201cuseless\u201d like the victim.<\/li>\n
  • silent and sulky treatment \u2013 ignoring the victim for days and giving them the cold shoulder, often over something trivial. Putting the victim through a guilt trip.<\/li>\n
  • dismissive language \u2013 such as \u201cyou\u2019re mad, \u201cyou\u2019re paranoid\u201d, \u201cyou\u2019re hysterical\u201d, \u201cdon\u2019t be so sensitive\u201d, \u201ccan\u2019t you take a joke\u201d, \u201cdon\u2019t be so dramatic\u201d, or \u201cyou are imagining things\u201d.<\/li>\n
  • creating inexplicable incidents to either blame the victim or so that they doubt themselves.<\/li>\n
  • verbal abuse.<\/li>\n
  • manipulate and mould the way the victim looks, dresses and acts.<\/li>\n
  • monitoring and surveillance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    How might this present in a victim? <\/strong><\/h3>\n
      \n
    • they may constantly second-guess themselves.<\/li>\n
    • act confused, disoriented and behaviour might be erratic.<\/li>\n
    • constantly apologetic to the abuser.<\/li>\n
    • constantly questioning their worth.<\/li>\n
    • makes excuses for the abuser\u2019s behaviour to friends and family.<\/li>\n
    • loss of confidence<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Eventually the victim may experience, anxiety, low self-esteem, trauma and depression.<\/p>\n

      Is gaslighting a criminal offence? <\/strong><\/h3>\n

      Section 76 of the Serious Crime Act 2015 created a new offence of controlling or coercive behaviour, in an intimate or family relationship. A person commits an offence if they repeatedly or continuously engage in behaviour towards another person, that is controlling or coercive; and at time of the behaviour, they are personally connected. The behaviour has to have a serious effect on the other person (victim), and the abuser knows or ought to that their behaviour will have a serious effect on the victim.<\/p>\n

      The Government defines coercive and controlling behaviour as:<\/p>\n

      Coercive –<\/strong> behaviour which is an act or a pattern of acts of assault, threats, humiliation and intimidation or other abuse that is used to harm, punish, or frighten their victim<\/p>\n

      Controlling –<\/strong> behaviour which is a range of acts designed to make a person subordinate and\/or dependent by isolating them from sources of support, exploiting their resources and capacities for personal gain, depriving them of the means needed for independence, resistance and escape and regulating their everyday behaviour<\/p>\n

      Personally, connected means: an intimate personal relationship; or they live together and are either members of the same family; or they live together and have previously been in an intimate personal relationship with each other.<\/p>\n

      Serious effect is proven by: if the victim fears, on at least two occasions, that violence will be used against them; or if it causes the victim serious alarm or distress which has a substantial adverse effect on their day-to-day activities. The behaviour must occur repeatedly or ‘continuously.<\/p>\n

      The CPS guidance provides examples of what ‘substantial adverse effect on the victim\u2019s usual day-to-day activities’ might amount to:<\/p>\n

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      • stopping or changing the way someone socialises<\/li>\n
      • physical or mental health deterioration<\/li>\n
      • a change in routine at home including those associated with mealtimes or household chores<\/li>\n
      • changes to attendance record at school\/college<\/li>\n
      • putting in place measures at home to safeguard themselves or their children<\/li>\n
      • changes to work patterns, employment status or routes to work<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        A person convicted of this offence can face up to 5-years imprisonment.<\/p>\n

        Thanks for reading.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Gaslighting \u2013 a form pf psychological manipulation and abuse in which the perpetrator makes the victim question and doubt their own perceptions, memory and sanity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6775,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[28,36,38],"tags":[76,124,140],"yoast_head":"\nGaslighting \u2013 a basic guide - Safeguarding Hub<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/gaslighting-a-basic-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gaslighting \u2013 a basic guide - Safeguarding Hub\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gaslighting \u2013 a form pf psychological manipulation and abuse in which the perpetrator makes the victim question and doubt their own perceptions, memory and sanity.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/gaslighting-a-basic-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Safeguarding Hub\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/safeguardinghub\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-26T10:59:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-07-28T17:21:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/Gaslighting.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"505\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Safeguarding Hub\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Safeguarding Hub\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/gaslighting-a-basic-guide\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/gaslighting-a-basic-guide\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Safeguarding Hub\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/#\/schema\/person\/e69aba5272152a004cad513cac0e7943\"},\"headline\":\"Gaslighting \u2013 a basic guide\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-26T10:59:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-07-28T17:21:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/gaslighting-a-basic-guide\/\"},\"wordCount\":1150,\"commentCount\":3,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"Domestic Abuse\",\"safeguarding adults\",\"Vulnerable Adults\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Analysis\",\"Safeguarding Hub Blog\",\"Vulnerable Adults\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/gaslighting-a-basic-guide\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/gaslighting-a-basic-guide\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/safeguardinghub.co.uk\/gaslighting-a-basic-guide\/\",\"name\":\"Gaslighting \u2013 a basic guide - 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